Psoriatic Arthritis is an inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis.
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) affects joints (such as the knees or those in the hands and feet), as well as areas where tendons join to bone (such as the heel and lower back). Most people who have psoriatic arthritis find it occurs after developing skin psoriasis, but some do develop the arthritis before they notice any psoriasis on their skin.
Although having psoriasis means you are more at risk of developing psoriatic arthritis, it is not always linked to how severe your psoriasis is. People with mild or moderate psoriasis can also develop psoriatic arthritis, which is why it is important to be aware of the symptoms.
As with psoriasis, a family history of the condition does not necessarily mean a person will develop psoriatic arthritis.
Have a look at our information leaflet on psoriatic arthritis for more information.
In psoriatic arthritis, the joints affected may become tender, swollen and stiff. These symptoms tend to be worse first thing in the morning and with rest, and ease with exercise. Inflammation of tendons without obvious inflammation of the joints can also occur in psoriatic arthritis, which makes it easy to misdiagnose as tendonitis or tennis elbow, for example. Psoriatic arthritis commonly affects the small joints of the hands and feet, and so a swollen sausage-like finger or toe is another common sign.
Nail psoriasis is seen in a large number of people with PsA, so this can also be a good indicator. Like psoriasis, PsA can wax and wane, so people with the condition may find that their symptoms get better and worse over time.
It is thought that around 1 in 5 people with psoriasis develop psoriatic arthritis. However, a large number of people with psoriatic arthritis will have psoriasis to some extent. Men and women are equally likely to develop psoriatic arthritis and, although it can occur at any age, it is most common in the first decade of being diagnosed with psoriasis.
In line with this, most people have psoriasis on their skin before they notice symptoms of psoriatic arthritis. However, in some cases the skin and joint conditions occur at the same time, and sometimes psoriatic arthritis is present before the skin condition psoriasis appears. It is worth noting that people with psoriasis can also develop other forms of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Having psoriasis does not necessarily mean that aches and pains or other joint symptoms are psoriatic arthritis.
Nail psoriasis is present in a large number of people with psoriatic arthritis (estimated as between 50 and 80%). Nail psoriasis can and does occur in people who do not have psoriatic arthritis, but, because of the large amount of people who have both conditions, it can be an important indicator of possible psoriatic arthritis.
There is no conclusive test for psoriatic arthritis, and it can therefore be a difficult condition to diagnose.
Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease closely associated with psoriasis, which affects the joints and tendons. ‘Inflammatory arthritis’ means that there is inflammation present in the affected joints, rather than just wear and tear. It can be difficult to diagnose, as symptoms can be similar to other types of arthritis, and a patient does not necessarily have to have psoriasis to develop it. It is also possible for people with psoriasis to develop a different type of arthritis (such as rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis); the fact that they have psoriasis does not alone mean their arthritis is psoriatic.
At present there are no definitive guidelines for diagnosing psoriatic arthritis and there is no single test that can confirm it. If you think you may have psoriatic arthritis, it is important that you discuss this with your GP (or Dermatologist if you are seeing one for your skin psoriasis). They can then refer you to a Rheumatologist (a specialist in joint conditions) for an assessment.
A diagnosis will then be made based on your symptoms, your medical history, and by ruling out other conditions. Several blood tests may be carried out to confirm a diagnosis including blood tests to check for signs of inflammation in your body as well as the presence of certain antibodies found in other types of arthritis.
A doctor may also use x-rays, ultrasounds, or other scans, such as an MRI to look at your joints. These scans can often show inflammation or areas of new bone growth with poorly defined edges in people with psoriatic arthritis.
For more information on diagnosing psoriatic arthritis, have a look at our information sheet.